Arch of Triumphs in the Roman Empire

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Roman culture, the last great culture of the ancient world, was created on the Hellenistic heritage. However, Greek and Roman cultures were based on different value systems. Greek artists were deeply religious and their greatest architectural achievement was the temple. In their artistic expression, they sought the universal, the ideal form, and they sought harmony … Read more

Gothic Cathedrals

In the Notre-Dame Cathedral in Amiens, the main nave, dramatically high at 42 meters, was built in just sixteen years. “Material light, created both by nature in the sky and by human skill on earth, is only a reflection of clear light of knowledge, and above all of the true light.” Abbot Suger Gothic art … Read more

Sumer – the land of master knowledge

My father and my grandfather pitched their tents here before me. True believers for twelve centuries, they settled in this land and none of them had ever heard of an underground palace, nor did those who came before them. And behold! A Frankish man from a faraway land arrived, many days’ journey away, and he … Read more

Symbolism of Gold

Since the dawn of civilization, gold has held a special place in human culture and is one of the first metals that humans have worked with. The oldest evidence of its processing, found in Egypt, dates back to the fifth millennium BC. In the past, it was highly esteemed, more for its symbolic than its … Read more